初中英语句子结构和句型细致讲解

英语句子结构分析 英语的句子基本成分有七种 主语 subject 谓语 predicate 表语 predicative 宾语 object 宾语补足语 objectcomplement 定语 attribute 状语 adverbial 那他们该怎么放置才好呢 主语 是句子要说明的人或物 可以作主语的 成分有名词 代词 动名词 动词不定式等 主语一般在句首 注意名词单数形式常和冠词 不分家 v1 Mr Lee is a well known scientist v2 He reads newspapers everyday v3 Two and ten is twelve v4 Smoking is harmful to the health v5 To swim in that pool is a great pleasure v6 What we shall do next is not yet decided 谓语 说明主语的动作 状态或特征 由动词 充当 v1 The new term begins on the 1st of September v2 His father is an engineer v3 She seemed happy v4 Li Hua showed me his album 宾语 指的是及物动词涉及到的人或物 v1 Wang Ling lent me a novel to read in the bus v2 The medicine is good for a cold v3 How many pieces do you want v4 My little sister always likes to ask questions v5 Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow v6 He asked me what I was going to do tonight 宾语补足语 在宾语后面补充说明 宾语 的动作 状态 特征 v1 The government appointed her chief delegate to the conference v2 I don t believe the story true v3 You should put your things in order v4 The doctor advised her to stay in bed for a week v5 We saw the pupils playing basketball 表语 是谓语的一部分 它位于系动 词如be之后 说明主语身份 特征 属性或状态 v1 Wang s father is a doctor v2 He is always careless v3 The basketball match is on v4 All the pupils are on the playground now v5 Our aim is to win more medals v6 His work is teaching French v7 The question is who can really repair the machines 定语 是对名词或代词起修饰 限定作用的词 短语或句子 汉语中常用 的 表示 vTom is a handsome boy vThe two boys are students vHis boy needs Tom s pen vThe boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours vThe boy needs a ball pen vThe best boy here is Tom vThere is nothing to do today vThe smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother vThis is the new dictionary which I bought yesterday 状语 状语修饰动词 形容词 副词或全句 说明方式 因果 条件 时间 地点 让 步 方向 程度 目的等 v1 She sings quite well v2 On Sundays there is no student in the classroom v3 He sits there asking for a pen v4 The boy needs a pen to do his homework v5 If I have some spare time I will take up German I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday 主 语 谓 语 定 语 宾 语 同 位 语 状 语 主语 vFind out the Subject in the following sentences 1 Jim is reading 2 How many students passed the exam 3 Who is on duty today 4 He went shopping yesterday 5 What does he like 6 What happened Reading is my interest 名词 代 词 动名词 谓语 These boys like swimming I wrote a letter just now Mary runs very fast Those people are talking We can swim They don t want to have a picnic He stood up and walked towards me 实义动词充当谓语 谓语部分 由and 连接 并列谓语动词 宾语 vFind out the Object in the following sentences 1 You should do it at once 2 She did nothing 3 I will tell her something 4 Please give me the book 5 Uncle Li bought 20 sheep this year 6 Tom is reading a book She enjoys collecting stamps 代词充当宾语 双宾语 名词充当宾语 动名词短语 定语 1 We all like interesting stories 2 The book on the bed is mine 3 Do you know that woman 4 She wears a red blouse and a white skirt 5 Jim missed the sports meeting last week 6 Tom s aunt is very rich 7 Whose book is it 8 A good friend is someone who makes me happy 宾语补足语 1 He called it Mickey Mouse 2 I saw you out this morning 3 What he did made me angry 4 Please put it in the drawer 5 I found all the windows broken 6 He kept me waiting for half an hour 7 The manager asked me to buy something 找出下列句子中的状语 We usually get up at 6 o clock There is a cat behind the door I found a purse on the floor The next day we did a lot of washing Because of bad weather we put off the match 时间状语 地点状语 地点状语 时间状语 原因状语 英语句子有长在短 有简有繁 从现象看 似乎千 变万化 难以捉摸 但从实质看 可以发现其内在联系 找出其共同规律 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五 种基本句型及其扩大 组合 省略或倒装 掌握这五种 基本句型 是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础 英语五种基本句型列式如下 基本句型一 主 谓 基本句型二 主 系 表 基本句型三 主 谓 宾 基本句型四 IO 主 谓 间宾 直宾 基本句型五 主 谓 宾 宾补 s subject v verb P predicative o object indirect c complement 基本句型 一 主 谓 主 谓 此句型的句子有一个共同特 点 即句子的谓语动词都能表达 完整的意思 这类动词叫做不及物动词 后面可以跟副词 介词短语 状 语从句等 不及物动词动词 1 Time 2 The moon 3 The man 4 We all 5 Everybody 6 I 7 They 8 He 9 He 10 They flies rose cooked eat and drink laughed woke talked for half an hour walked yesterday is playing have gone 基本句型 二 主 系 表 主 系 表 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点 句子谓语 动词都不能表达一个完整的意思 必须加上一个 表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语 才能 表达完整的意思 这类动词叫做连系动词 系动 词分两类 be look feel smell taste sound 等属一类 表示情况 get grow become turn go等属另一类 表示变化 be 本身没有什 么意义 只起连系主语和表的作用 其它系动词 仍保持其部分词义另 stay prove remain stand 是系动词动词 表语语 1 This 2 The dinner 3 He 4 Everything 5 He 6 The book 7 The weather 8 His face is smells 闻闻 fell looks is is became turned an English dictionary good happy different tall and strong interesting warmer red 基本句型 三 主 谓 宾 主 谓 宾 此句型句子的共同特点是 谓 语动词都具有实义 都是主语产生 的动作 但不能表达完整的意思 必须跟有一个宾语 即动作的承受 者 才能使意思完整 这类动词叫 做及物动词 实义动词实义动词 宾语宾语 1 Who 2 She 3 He 8 He 5 They 6 Danny 7 I 4 He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer her English cakes some apples donuts to have a cup of tea Good morning 基本句型 四 IO IO 主 谓 间宾 直宾 主 谓 间宾 直宾 此句型的句子有一个共同特点 谓语 动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意 思 这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者 另一个是动作的间接承受者 通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连 接 当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承 受者之前时 这一介词往往被省略 必背 常带双宾语 直接宾语和 间接宾语 的动词 分为A B两类 A 动词后加to give 给 show给 看 send寄 打电报 bring带 read读 pass递给 lend借