《精编》Understanding,Groups,and,Teams,15

Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 15 2 LEARNINGOUTLINEFollowthisLearningOutlineasyoureadandstudythischapter UnderstandingGroupsDefinethedifferenttypesofgroups Describethefivestageofgroupdevelopment ExplainingWorkGroupBehaviorExplainthemajorcomponentsthatdeterminegroupperanceandsatisfaction Discusshowroles norms conity statussystems groupsize andgroupcohesivenessinfluencegroupbehavior Tellhowgroupnormscanbothhelpandhurtanorganization Definegroupthinkandsocialloafing Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 15 3 LEARNINGOUTLINE cont d FollowthisLearningOutlineasyoureadandstudythischapter ExplainingWorkGroupBehavior cont d Describetherelationshipsbetweengroupcohesivenessandproductivity Discusshowconflictmanagementinfluencesgroupbehavior Telltheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofgroupdecisionmaking CreatingEffectiveTeamsComparegroupsandteamsExplainwhyteamshavebecomesopopular Describethefourmostcommontypesofteams Listthecharacteristicsofeffectiveteams Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 15 4 UnderstandingGroups GroupTwoormoreinteractingandinterdependentindividualswhocometogethertoachieveparticulargoals algroupsWorkgroupsdefinedbytheorganization sstructurethathavedesignatedworkassignmentsandtasks Appropriatebehaviorsaredefinedbyanddirectedtowardorganizationalgoals InalgroupsGroupsthatareindependentlyedtomeetthesocialneedsoftheirmembers Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 15 5 StagesinGroupDevelopment ingMembersjoinandbegintheprocessofdefiningthegroup spurpose structure andleadership StormingIntragroupconflictoccursasindividualsresistcontrolbythegroupanddisagreeoverleadership NormingCloserelationshipsdevelopasthegroupbecomescohesiveandestablishesitsnormsforacceptablebehavior PeringAfullyfunctionalgroupstructureallowsthegrouptofocusonperingthetaskathand AdjourningThegrouppreparestodisbandandisnolongerconcernedwithhighlevelsofperance Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 15 6 WorkGroupBehavior InternalVariablesAffectingGroupBehaviorTheindividualabilitiesofthegroup smembersThesizeofthegroupThelevelofconflictTheinternalpressuresonmemberstoconothegroup snorms Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 15 7 ConditionsAffectingGroupBehavior External Organizational ConditionsOverallstrategyAuthoritystructuresalregulationsAvailableorganizationalresourcesEmployeeselectioncriteriaPerancemanagement appraisal systemOrganizationalcultureGeneralphysicallayout InternalGroupVariablesIndividualcompetenciesandtraitsofmembersGroupstructureSizeofthegroupCohesivenessandthelevelofintragroupconflictInternalpressuresonmemberstoconothegroup snorms Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 15 8 GroupStructure RoleThesetofexpectedbehaviorpatternsattributedtosomeonewhooccupiesagivenpositioninasocialunitthatassistthegroupintaskaccomplishmentormaintaininggroupmembersatisfaction Roleconflict experiencingdifferingroleexpectationsRoleambiguity uncertaintyaboutroleexpectations Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 15 9 GroupStructure cont d NormsAcceptablestandardsorexpectationsthataresharedbythegroup smembers CommontypesofnormsEffortandperanceOutputlevels absenteeism promptness socializingDressLoyalty Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 15 10 GroupStructure cont d ConityIndividualsconinordertobeacceptedbygroups Grouppressurescanhaveaneffectonanindividualmember sjudgmentandattitudes Theeffectofconityisnotasstrongasitoncewas althoughstillapowerfulforce GroupthinkTheextensivepressureofothersinastronglycohesiveorthreatenedgroupthatcausesindividualmemberstochangetheiropinionstocontothatofthegroup Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 15 11 GroupStructure cont d StatusSystemThealorinalprestigegrading position orrankingsystemembersofagroupthatservesasrecognitionforindividualcontributionstothegroupandasabehavioralmotivator alstatussystemsareeffectivewhentheperceivedrankingofanindividualandthestatussymbolsaccordedthatindividualarecongruent Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 15 12 GroupStructure GroupSize SmallgroupsCompletetasksfasterthanlargergroups Makemoreeffectiveuseoffacts LargegroupsSolveproblemsbetterthansmallgroups AregoodforgettingdiverseAremoreeffectiveinfact finding SocialLoafingThetendencyforindividualstoexpendlesseffortwhenworkingcollectivelythanwhenworkindividually Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 15 13 GroupStructure cont d GroupCohesivenessThedegreetowhichmembersareattractedtoagroupandsharethegroup sgoals Highlycohesivegroupsaremoreeffectiveandproductivethanlesscohesivegroupswhentheirgoalsalignedwithorganizationalgoals Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 15 14 GroupProcesses GroupDecisionMaking AdvantagesGeneratesmorecompleteinationandknowledge GeneratesmorediversealternativesIncreasesacceptanceofasolutionIn