【h.p.grice合作原则资料】grice会话原则

H.P. Grice,,H.P. Grice,Herbert Paul Grice was a British-educated philosopher of language, who spent the final two decades of his career in the United States. Grice s work on the nature of meaning has influenced the philosophical study of semantics. His theory of implicature is among the most important and influential contributions to contemporary pragmatics.,H.P. Grice’s Contribution,Famous for the theory of Conversational Implicature. Grice was invited to give the William James lectures at Harvard University, and it was there in 1967 that he first outlined his theory of implicature. In papers published in 1978 that is, by the entire speech act rather than by the propositional content of the uttered sentences. 会话含义是通过合作原则中的各项准则，通过话语的字面意义并结合语境推导出来的。先有字面意义，才有语用含义。因此，含义不是字面意义，也不是字面意义的一部分。字面意义在话语中是不变的，而语用含义却可能各种各样，随着语境的变化，含义也可以变化或消失。,,It’s cold here. “这里真冷”，在某个特殊的语境中可能产生“关上窗户”的含义，但是在另一个语境中，如在空旷的野外，就不可能有“关上窗户”的含义，而可能是“我们回去吧”的含义。可见，会话含义是非规约性的。,Thank you!,,