▲区别各类引导词。
【课前准备】 ●要求学生用定语从句造五个句子。
【知识要点】 在复合句中 ， 修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 ， 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 ， 引导定语从句的有关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等 ， 关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。
1.由who引导的定语从句中 ， who用作主语 ， 如 This is the boy who often helps me. 2.由whom引导的定语从句中，whom用作宾语，如The man whom you are waiting for has gone home. 3.由whose引导的定语从句中 ， whose用作定语 ， 如 Do you know the girl whose skirt is white 4.由which引导的定语从句中，which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语，如 The room in which there is a machine is a work shop. The river which is in front of my house is very clean. This is the pen which you want. 注意 1whom, which用作介词宾语时 ， 介词可放在 whom、which之前 ， 也可放在从句原来的位置上；
但在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。如 He is the very person whom we must take good care of. 2引导非限制性定语从句时，必须用关系代词which，不用that,如I have lost my bag, which I like very much. 3关系代词在句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。
5.由that引导的定语从句中，that可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语，如 The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun. 注意在下面几种情况下必须用 that引导定语从句。
1先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等 ， 如 All that we have to do is to practise English. 2先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，如 The first letter that I got from him will be kept. 3先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰 ， 如 Ive eaten up all the food that you gave me. 4先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时如 He is the only person that I want to talk with. 5先行词既有人又有物时，如 They talked about persons and things that they met. 6当句中已有who时 ， 为避免重复 ， 如 Who is the man that is giving us the class 6.由when, where, why引导的定语从句，如 I dont know the reason why he was late. This is the place where we have lived for 5 years. Ill never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time. 注意先行词是表示地点时，如果从句的谓语动词是及物的，就用 thatwhich，如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的，就用where引导。This is the house Which /that he has lived in for 15 years.Where he has lived for 15 year. 7. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 1限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, of which等，这些关系代词都不能省略。
2非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明 ， 没有这种从句 ， 不影响主句意思的完整 ， 一般用逗号把主句和从句分开 ， 关系代词用 which,不用that;指人时可用who,如 I have two brothers, who are both students. 8．如何简化定语从句 （1）.定语从句简化为形容词或形容词短语作后置定语。如 My grandfather lives in a village that is far away from here. →My grandfather lives in a village far away from here.我祖父住在离这儿很远的一个村子。
This is a book that is worth reading. →This is a book worth reading. 这是一本值得看的书。
（2） 定语从句简化为现在分词或现在分词短语作前置或后置定语。
The man who is standing under the tree is our English teacher. →The man standing under the tree is our English teacher. 站在树下面的那个人是我们的英语老师。
I saw the house that was burning at that time.→I saw the burning house at that time. 当时我看到那房子在燃烧。
（3）定语从句简化为过去分词短语作后置定语。
I like to see the films which are directed by Zhang Yimou.→I like to see the films directed by Zhang Yimou. 我喜欢看张艺谋导演的电影。
She is the girl who was praised at the school meeting.→She is the girl praised at the school meeting. 她就是在校会上受表彰的那个女孩。
（4）定语从句简化为不定式作后置定语。
He is always the first person that comes to school.→He is always the first person to come to school.他总是第一个到校。
The report which will be given tomorrow is important to us.→The report to be given tomorrow is important to us. 明天要作的报告对我们很重要。
（5）定语从句简化为what 从句。
I couldnt remember the words that he said.→I couldnt remember what he said. 我记不得他说的话。
【典型例题解析】 例 1 The second book ______I want to read is Business the Speed of Thought. A. which B. what C. that D. as 解析 先行词 book被序数词修饰时要用that引导定语从句，故选C。
例 2 Ill never forget the days _____I stayed with you. A. when B. in which C. that D. for which 解析 本题指时间，故选 A。
例 3 The book______ is sold out at the moment. A. you need B. what you need C. which you need it D. that you need it 解析 B、C、D中的what和it与先行The book相抵触 ， 故选 A。
例 4 Is this the place ______Lincoln once lived. A. that B. which C. where D. when 解析 本题指地点，故选 C。
例 5 Im one of the boys _________ never late for school. A. that is B. who are C. who am D. who is 解析 本题中 who用作主语，谓语动词与先行词the boys保持一致，故选B。
【选讲例题】 例 6 Her sister,______ you met at my home, was a teacher of English. A. whom B. that C. which D. who is 解析 非限制性定语从句中 ， 关系代词用 which,不用that,但指人时用who或whom.故选A。
例 7 These book are for students _____ mother language is not English. A. of whom B. that C. which D. whose 解析 whose引导的定语从句中,whose用作定语，故选D。