轻型木结构墙体PPT幻灯片课件
加拿大木业协会设计师培训班第一阶段 轻型木结构CanadaWoodLevel1 Wood FrameConstruction 墙体和屋盖WallandRoofFramingHerbertOtto B Arch MRAIC 平台式建造法PlatFraming 屋顶桁架Rooftrusses 38x89or38x140mm墙骨柱38x89or38x140mm 2x4or2x6 studwalls 楼盖覆面板Floorsheathing 楼盖搁栅Floorjoists 基础Foundation 平台式轻型木结构PlatFraming 图片由加拿大木材理事会提供DiagramCourtesyCanadianWoodCouncil 承重内隔墙LoadBearinginteriorwall楼盖覆面板Floorsheathing组合梁Builtupbeam地梁板锚固螺栓Sillplateanchorbolt地梁板Sillplate封边搁栅RimJoist底梁板Bottomwallplate墙体覆面板Wallsheathing 桁架或椽条Trussorrafter屋顶覆面板Roofsheathing剪刀撑Crossbridging顶梁板Topplate墙骨柱Stud钉板条Strapping搁栅Joist 墙体WallFraming 墙体设计WallDesign 墙体WallFraming 双层顶梁板Doubletopplate 门洞过梁Doorheaderorlintel 封头墙骨柱Trimmer 主要墙骨柱Kingstud 短撑Cripple 墙骨柱Commonstud 窗口过梁Windowheaderorlintel 底梁板Bottomplates 窗洞口Windowroughopening 底梁Sill 短撑Cripple 墙体WallFraming 墙骨柱 板 短撑和过梁用钉和楼板连接 然后安装对角支撑或覆面板Stud plates cripplesandlintelsarelaidoutonthefloor nailedtogether thencrossbracedorsheathed 墙体WallFraming 门窗洞口过梁通常使用2x4规格材 中间使用2x6规格材Windowordoorheaderframing conventional38x89mm 2x4 andinsulated38x140mm 2x6 用于过梁的规格材尺寸由荷载和跨度决定Sizeofdimensionlumberusedinheaderdeterminedbyloadandspan 墙体WallFraming 提起墙体并连接在一起 需要使用临时支撑Wallstiltedupandtiedtogetherandtemporarilybracedasrequired 墙体WallFraming 转角处的顶梁板要搭接Cornerframingwithlappedtopplates 转角处填充保温棉时 要在内测放置第三根墙骨柱支撑内装修层Thirdinsidestudprovidessupportforinteriorfinishwhileallowingcornertobeinsulated Thirdstud 墙体WallFraming 内外隔墙的连接Interiorpartitionwall exteriorwallconnection 2x6规格材做垫板方便墙体赶作业施工以及连接后面的填充材布置38x140mm 2x6 backerforsupportingdrywallandallowinginsulationbehindconnection 垫板Backer 墙体WallFraming 覆面板横放在楼面上 然后开始安装Paneltypesheathingappliedtoframingwhenitisstillhorizontalonthefloordeck 覆面板类型Rangeofsheathings定向刨花板OSB胶合板Plywood防火板Fibreboard石膏板Gypsum保温填充覆面板Insulatedsheathing 竖向和水平布置的覆面板 墙体WallFraming 内隔墙和保温天花板的连接 顶梁板之间布置带状聚乙烯作为隔气层Interiorpartitionwallconnectionwithinsulatedceiling Whenpolyethyleneair vapourbarrierisusedstripplacedbetweentopplates 天花板搁栅 顶梁板 墙骨柱 带状聚乙烯作为隔气层 也可以布置在顶梁板之间 楼板之间不要求布置 2x6规格材 用于钉连接 墙体WallFraming 当搁栅和外墙平行时 需要设置垫板来支撑内装修层Wherejoistsareparalleltoexteriorwallbackframingrequiredtoprovidesupportforinteriorfinish 墙骨柱 底梁板 下部楼面板 楼盖搁栅 用于内装修的钉连接 端部搁栅 板 墙体设计WallFramingDesign 内墙和外墙结构功能和荷载分布不同 所以应分开设计 Interiorandexteriorwallsshouldbedesignedseparatelysincetheyhavedifferentfunctionsandloadsaredistributeddifferently墙骨柱最小尺寸和间距的规定 设计表中还包括其他的长度 树种和荷载分配 Rulesofthumbinimumstudsizesandspacing designtablesforotherlengths species andloadconfigurations 外墙高度建到3mExteriorWallsupto3mtall仅支承屋盖 38x89 600mmo cSupportingroofonly 38x89 600mmo c 支承屋盖和1层楼盖 38x89 400mmo c Supportingroofand1floor 38x89 400mmo c 支承屋盖和2层楼盖 38x140 400mmo c Supportingroofand2floors 38x140 400mmo c 墙体设计WallFramingDesign 内墙高度建到3mInteriorWallsupto3mtall非承重Nonloadbearing38x89 600mmo c 推荐400mm 38x89 600mmo c however400mmrecommended 承重Loadbearing支承屋盖和1层楼盖 38x89 400mmo c Supporting1floor 38x89 400mmo c 支承屋盖和2层楼盖 38x89 300mmo c Supporting2floors 38x89 300mmo c 支承屋盖和3层楼盖 38x140 400mmo c Supporting3floors 38x140 400mmo c 墙体设计WallFramingDesign 过梁Lintels 墙体设计 外墙过梁WallFramingDesign ExteriorLintel 墙体设计 内隔墙WallFramingDesign InteriorPartition 墙体设计WallFramingDesign 有覆面板的墙体可以抵抗侧向力 例如地震作用和风荷载Wallswithpanelsheathingalsoresistlateralforcessuchasearthquakeandwind覆面板可以用定向刨花板或胶合板 根据墙骨柱的间距 板厚可以从9 5mm到15 5mmPanelmaterialcanbeplywoodorOSBsheathing9 5mmto15 5mmthickdependingonstudspacing厚度12 5mm和15 8mm的石膏板也能使用Gypsumboardcanalsobeusedin12 5mmand15 8mmthickness符合上海轻型木结构技术规程中构造设计法中墙体最小长度的要求Forprescriptivedesign minimumlengthofbracedwalllinesinaccordancewith4 2 2ofShanghaiTechnicalCodeforLightweightWoodFrameConstructionmustbeadheredto 改进的结构AdvancedFraming 平台式建造法可以有效的利用木材 Platframingcanbeoptimizedtousewoodmoreefficientlybenefitsinclude 结构使用更少的木材Lessframinglumberused更少的人工Lesslabourrequired当木材采用保温材时 热交换更低Lowerheattransferaswoodreplacedbyinsulation 改进结构的特点FeaturesofAdvancedFraming 墙骨柱 通常为2x6 中心间距600mmStuds typically38x140mm 2x6 spacedat600mm 24 荷载顺次传递 不需要两层顶梁板Loadslineduponeaboveanothereliminatingtheneedfordoubletopplates两个墙骨柱转角Twostudcorners门窗洞口处过梁可以穿过墙骨柱 不需要短撑Windowanddoorheadersletintostudseliminatingcripples 屋顶RoofFraming 大部分采用工厂预制的木桁架Majorityofwoodframebuildingsusefactorybuilttrusses 通常用2x4规格材制作腹杆和弦杆 节点压制金属连接件Typically38x89mm 2x4 websandcordsandpressedmetalconnectors 屋顶RoofFraming 桁架的偏差Trussvariations抬高根部以便外墙全都可以做到保温隔热层Raisedheeltoallowfulldepthinsulationtoexteriorwall采用剪刀撑的倾斜天花板Scissorsallowsslopedceiling 屋顶RoofFraming 现场手工施工Handframedroofconstruction现场切割规格材制作椽条和搁栅Dimensionlumbercutonsitetomakeraftersandjoists 屋顶RoofFraming 木制工字型梁WoodIbeams大跨度Allowforlongspans桁架的深度和预留孔洞可以在较高的天花板中安装保温填充材料 其范围为RSI7到RSI10 6 R40到R60 K0 14到K0 095 Depthandpre punchedholesallowforhighlevelsofinsulationinacathedralceilingintherangeofRSI7toRSI10 6 R40toR60 K0 14toK0 095 屋顶RoofFraming 平行弦桁架空心腹板Openwebparallelcordtrusses大跨度Allowforlongspans桁架的深度可以在较高的天花板中安装保温填充材料Depthallowsforhighlevelsofinsulationinacathedralceiling 屋顶覆面RoofSheathing 胶合木Plywood根据跨度和有无填块 使用H扣件或企口板 厚度可以从7 5mm到12 5mmRanginginthicknessfrom7 5mmto12 5mm 5 16 to dependingonspananduseofbloc