八种句子成分.doc

句子成分 1． 定义 定义 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分 主要成分 主语和谓语 次要成分 宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语 2． 八种成分的用法 【主语】 主语定义 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体. 主语位置 一般位于句首.但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语为疑问词时）和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面 哪些词可以作主语 名词,代词,数词,不定式,动名词,名词化的形容词,短语,句子 The village is very beautiful.（名词） Who is speaking,please（电话中问对方是谁）（代词） Two will be enough.（数词） To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work.（不定式） Skating is good rcise.（动名词） The blind and the lame are well cared for in our country.（名词化的形容词） How to do well is an important question.（短语） What has happened proves that our policy is right.（句子） 【谓语】 谓语定义 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态.动词在句中作谓语 谓语位置 一般放在主语之后.谓语的构成如下 1、简单谓语由一个动词或动词短语构成.如He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语 （1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成. 如You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成.如We are students. 【宾语】 宾语定义 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者 宾语位置 一般位于及物动词和介词后面 哪些词可以作宾语 名词,代词,数词,名词化的形容词,不定式,动名词,动名词短语,句子 She is doing her homework now.（名词） I like it very much.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He likes to play basketball.（不定式） I like swimming.（动名词） We enjoy listening to the music.（动名词短语） He told me that he was a teacher before.（句子） 宾语种类 （1）双宾语（间接宾语直接宾语）例如Lend me your dictionary, please. （2）复合宾语（宾语宾补）例如They elected him their monitor. 【定语】 定语定义 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语 定语位置 被修饰的词前或后 哪些词可以作定语 名词,代词,名词或代词所有格,数词,形容词（限观形龄色国材）,分词,动名词,不定式,介词短语,句子可以作定语. Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词） His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词） His son needs Tom’s pen.（代词和名词所有格） Two boys need two pens.（数词） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词） He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语） The boy who is tall is my brother.（句子） 【状语】 状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语 状语位置 句首,句中,句尾 哪些词可以作状语 名词,数词,形容词,副词,副词性词组,介词短语,不定式,分词,句子. Wait a minute.（名词） I’ve done it hundreds of times.（数词） I got home,tired and thirsty.（形容词） Light travels most quickly.（副词） Generally speaking,when taken according to the directions,the medicine has no side effect.（副词性词组） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语） They came out of the classroom,talking and laughing.（现在分词） Mr Black came back drunk that night.（过去分词） Once you begin, you must continue.（句子） 状语种类 时间状语,地点状语,原因状语,条件状语,方式状语,比较状语,让步状语,目的状语,结果状语,伴随状语 How about meeting again at six（时间状语） Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语） She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） I am taller than he is.（比较状语） 【宾语补足语】 宾语补足语定义 英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整.这种宾语补语就是宾语补足语. 宾语补足语位置 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为某些及物动词（如make等宾语宾补） 哪些词可以作宾语 宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和句子充当 His father named him Dongming.（名词） They painted their boat white.（形容词） Let the fresh air in.（副词） You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式） We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） I had my bike repaired yesterday.（过去分词） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语） We will soon make our city what your city is now.（句子） 【表语】 表语定义 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态 表语位置 它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后. 哪些词可以作表语 表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及句子表示 Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） 【同位语】 定义 一个名词（其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明,这个词（或其它形式）就是同位语 位置 同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致,并常常紧挨在一起 充当同位语的词 名词,动名词,不定式,形容词, 名词短语，动名词短语，不定式短语，介词短语，形容词短语 直接引语,句子 Mr wang,my child’s teacher,will be visiting us on Tuesday.（名词） I,the oldest girl in the family,always had to care for the other children.（名词短语） He enjoys the rcise,swimming in winter.（动名词） Asking him to join us,that’s a good ides.（动名词短语） Their aspiration,to become free and independent,is deserving of every kind of help from us.（不定式） The question what to do next hasn’t been considered.（不定式短语） As the head of the company,he had to explain what had happened.（介词短语） He,short and thin,is unfit for the job.（形容词） All the countries,big or small,are equal.（形容词短语） But now the question comes to their minds,“Did she die young beca